Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Essay: The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a tragic event that occurred on April 13, 1919, in Amritsar, Punjab, India. It was a turning point in the Indian independence movement and a dark chapter in India’s colonial history. On that fateful day, a peaceful gathering of thousands of men, women, and children in Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden, was mercilessly fired upon by British soldiers, resulting in the deaths of hundreds of innocent people. The incident shook the country and led to widespread protests against British colonial rule. The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre is a poignant reminder of the sacrifices made by Indian freedom fighters in their struggle for independence. Find the short and long essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre here.
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100-Word Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre, also known as the Amritsar Massacre, occurred on April 13, 1919, at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab state. Hundreds of Indians gathered peacefully to protest Colonial crimes and anti-Indian policies. There were also ladies and children in the audience.
Reginald Dyer, the acting military commander of Amritsar, entered the park with his forces and ordered them to begin fire on the throng. The terrified crowd dashed to the already-locked doors and tiny passageways. Those who managed to avoid the gunfire were victims of a stampede and asphyxia. The day marked a low point in contemporary India’s history.
200-Word Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was committed by acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, who murdered hundreds of Indians. Dyer ordered his men to open fire on peacefully assembled Indians at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar on April 13, 1919. Paradoxically, the soldiers who fired at the mob were from the British Indian Army’s Gurkha and Sikh regiments.
Despite the fact that they were Indians, they were so faithful to their British masters that they opened fire on an unsuspecting throng of men, women, and children. Thousands of people are killed as a result of bullet injuries and a stampede during the slaughter. Dyer’s acts elicited conflicting emotions around the world. The famed English writer Rudyard Kipling claimed that Dyer simply did what he thought was the appropriate thing to do. Rabindranath Tagore surrendered his knighthood and strongly criticized Dyer’s actions.
Mahatma Gandhi provided the most devastating description of the happenings at Jallianwala Bagh. Unfortunately, Gandhi excused Dyer’s actions by claiming that Dyer was saving the lives of other British residents of Amritsar. Dyer and Mahatma Gandhi never explained how a peacefully formed mob, mostly composed of women and children, could pose a threat to someone’s life.
300-Word Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a tragic event in Indian history that took place on April 13, 1919, in the city of Amritsar, Punjab. It was a turning point in India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule. The incident saw a peaceful gathering of thousands of men, women, and children in Jallianwala Bagh, a public garden, brutally fired upon by British soldiers. The incident led to the deaths of hundreds of innocent people and left a deep wound in the psyche of the Indian people.
The gathering in Jallianwala Bagh was a protest against the arrest and deportation of two prominent Indian leaders, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, by the British authorities. The crowd was peaceful and unarmed, and most of the people were unaware of the British curfew imposed that day. General Reginald Dyer, the British officer in charge, ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd, without warning and without mercy. The firing continued for almost ten minutes, resulting in the death of at least 379 people, with over a thousand injured.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a horrific act of brutality and a grave violation of human rights. It became a turning point in the Indian freedom struggle, as it led to a wave of protests and agitation across the country. It sparked a mass movement against British colonial rule, with people from all walks of life coming together to demand freedom and independence for India.
The massacre led to the formation of the Non-Cooperation Movement under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi, which marked a new phase in India’s struggle for independence. The incident galvanized the Indian people and brought together different communities, religions, and castes for a common cause. It highlighted the need for self-rule and strengthened the resolve of the Indian people to fight for their rights and dignity.
In conclusion, the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a tragic event in Indian history that shook the country and the world. It was a turning point in the Indian freedom struggle and led to the emergence of a mass movement against British colonial rule. The incident serves as a reminder of the sacrifices made by Indian freedom fighters in their struggle for independence and their determination to achieve a free and democratic India.
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500-Word Essay on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre occurred when a group of Indians assembled at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, Punjab state, were massacred. On April 13, 1919, an incident occurred that was planned by acting Brigadier-General Reginald Dyer, also known as General Dyer.
History
The Rowlatt Act 1919 and the Defence of India Act 1915 were two British laws that were put into effect before the Jallianwala Massacre and caused significant agitation among the Indian people.
Indian soldiers served in huge numbers for the British during World War I (1914–1918) in Europe, the Middle East, and Africa. The British government of India sent out a lot of Indian laborers as well.
Several political groups as well as the Indian populace as a whole opposed the use of Indian soldiers and laborers in World War I.
The vast resources and money that India had to spend were wasted fighting in the war for the British. This led to a minor rebellion in West Bengal and Punjab, which almost brought down the local British government. In order to restrict Indian citizens’ civil liberties, the British government passed the Defence of India Act in 1915 after sensing a widespread uprising.
The Rowlett Act, which was only an extension of the Defense of India Act and significantly restricted civil freedoms, was approved on March 10, 1919, making the situation much worse.
In India, the Rowlett Act sparked severe political upheaval. Thousands flocked to the streets to demonstrate against the Act. The situation was particularly bad in Punjab, where on April 1, 1919, thousands of demonstrators assembled at the home of the Deputy Commissioner of Amritsar. They called for the release of Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, two prominent Indian politicians. According to reports, a military picket stationed nearby opened fire on the demonstrators, killing several of them.
This sparked a string of violent demonstrations across Punjab. An informal gathering to discuss Kitchlew’s release was organized by his supporters on the evening of April 12, the day before the tragedy.
The Day of Massacre
The British government was worried about an uprising similar to the one in 1857 after the violent riots. In order to prevent crowding in one spot, the authorities declared martial law on April 13. Yet, this message wasn’t clear and eventually reached a large audience.
Interestingly, April 13th was a Baisakhi day, and for the fair, traders from all over Punjab came to Amritsar.
But, as the government forbade any fair, these people were left nowhere to go and naturally turned to Jallianwala Bagh. A minor political gathering was taking place there, but most of the attendees were commoners and businesspeople who traveled for the Baisakhi celebration. Thousands of Indians have arrived around the bagh by mid-afternoon.
After learning about this significant public gathering, General Reginald Dyer set about developing a strategy to deal with it. General Dyer arrived at the Bagh sometime after 18:30 Hrs. with 90 soldiers, blocked the single main entrance, and then gave the order to fire.
Unarmed men, women, and children who had likely gathered to pass the time while the curfew prevented Baisakhi celebrations were the ones who were shot at. For ten to fifteen minutes, shots were fired, resulting in the deaths of 500 innocent Indians—men, women, and children—and 1,000 injuries. General Dyer marched back with his contingent after the killing, and the British government made no attempt to save the victims.
Conclusion
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre day was the most tragic day in Indian history. It demonstrates the cruelest and most terrible side of British Authority in India.
FAQs on Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Essay
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre happened on April 13, 1919.
The Jallianwala Bagh Massacre was a tragic event in Indian history that took place on April 13, 1919, in the city of Amritsar, Punjab. It was a turning point in India’s struggle for independence from British colonial rule. The incident led to the deaths of hundreds of innocent people and left a deep wound in the psyche of the Indian people.
The gathering in Jallianwala Bagh was a protest against the arrest and deportation of two prominent Indian leaders, Satya Pal and Saifuddin Kitchlew, by the British authorities. The crowd was peaceful and unarmed, and most of the people were unaware of the British curfew imposed that day. General Reginald Dyer, the British officer in charge, ordered his troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd, without warning, and without mercy.
At least 379 people were killed, and over a thousand were injured in the Jallianwala Bagh Massacre.
General Reginald Dyer, the British officer in charge, was responsible for ordering the troops to open fire on the unarmed crowd. The British government was also responsible for the massacre as they had imposed harsh martial law in the region, leading to widespread discontent among the Indian people.
